Weregularlyhearhowimportantconsumerspendingisfortheeconomy.Thestorygoeslikethis:themoreconsumersspend,themoremoneycirculatesintheeconomy,whichcontributestohealthyjobgrowthandprofits.Keynes,aBritisheconomist,wentasfarastosaythatindividualssavingtheirmoneymayactuallybehurtingtheeconomy.Soundstroubling,doesn'tit?
Fearnot.Youaren'tactuallyhuttinganyoneelsebysavingmoney.Strongeconomicgrowthonlycomesfromoneplace:savings.Notconsumption.Infact,economicactivityshouldnotbemistakenforeconomicgrowth.Forexample,somebodytakestheirmoney,walksintoastore,andpurchasesgoods.Thestoreincreasesitsrevenue.
Butwhathappenstoallofthosegoodsandservicesthatpeoplehavechosennottoconsumebysavingtheirmoney?Simple:Otherpeopleareallowedtoconsumethem.Thinkofitthisway:Whenyoulendoutyoursavings,youareactuallysaying,"Here,Iamnotgoingtoconsumerightnow,sowhydon'tyou?"Bankssimplyplaythemiddleman:theycollectlotsofpeople'ssavingsandthenlendoutlotsoffunds.
Ittakesanunbelievableamountofgoodsandservicestoconstructabuilding.Ittakesfood,shelter,andentertainmentforalloftheworkers,aswell.Withoutsavings,itisquiteimpossibletofinancesuchaconstruction.Thecoordination(协调)betweensavingsandconsumptionisanecessarybasisforsoundeconomicgrowth.Thiscoordinationisalsowhyconsumerlending(say,toborrowabigsumofmoneytobuyacar)isnotproductive,inastrictsense.Itdoesn'tincreasethenet(净的)amountofwealthofaneconomy.Thosesavingscouldhavebeenusedtoconstruct,say,factoryequipment.
Noneofthismeansconsumptionandspendingare"bad"things.Theysimplydonotmakeuswealthier.Alterall,thefinalgoalofproductionandsavingsistoconsume.Buttosaythatconsumptionistheengineofeconomicgrowthistoputthecartbeforethehorse.Or,torephrase:theconsumptionofwealthcannevermakeyouwealthier.Happier,perhaps.Wealthier,no.
63.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsKeynes'theory?___
A.Approving.
B.Reserved.
C.Uncertain.
D.Critical.
64.Theunderlinedword"revenue"inParagr