问题标题：
英文长城简介
问题描述：
英文长城简介
孙远辉回答：
TheGreatWallofChinaisaseriesofstoneandearthenfortificationsinnorthernChina,builtoriginallytoprotectthenorthernbordersoftheChineseEmpireagainstintrusionsbyvariousnomadicgroups(游牧民族).Severalwallshavebeenbuiltsincethe5thcenturyBCthatarereferredtocollectivelyastheGreatWall,whichhasbeenrebuiltandmaintainedfromthe5thcenturyBCthroughthe16thcentury.Oneofthemostfamousisthewallbuiltbetween220–206BCbythefirstEmperorofChina,EmperorShi-huang(秦始皇).Littleofthatwallremains;themajorityoftheexistingwallwasbuiltduringtheMingDynasty.
TheGreatWallstretchesfromShanhaiguanintheeast,toLopLakeinthewest,alonganarcthatroughlydelineatesthesouthernedgeofInnerMongolia.Themostcomprehensivearchaeologicalsurvey,usingadvancedtechnologies,hasconcludedthattheentireGreatWall,withallofitsbranches,stretchesfor8,851.8km(5,500.3mi).Thisismadeupof6,259.6km(3,889.5mi)sectionsofactualwall,359.7km(223.5mi)oftrenchesand2,232.5km(1,387.2mi)ofnaturaldefensivebarrierssuchashillsandrivers.
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