阅读理解。 TworecentstudieshavefoundthatpunishmentisnotthebestwaytoinfIuencebehavior.

Oneshowedthatadultsaremuchmorecooperativeiftheyworkinasystembasedonrewards.

ResearchersatHarvardUniversityintheUnitedStatesandtheStockholmSchoolofEconomicsin

Swedendidthestudy.

TheyhadabouttwohundredcollegestudentsplayaversionofthegameknownasthePrisoner's

Dilemma.Thegameisbasedonthetensionbetweentheinterestsofanindividualandagroup.The

studentsplayedingroupsoffour.Eachplayercouldwinpointsforthegroupsotheywouldallgain

equally.Buteachplayercouldalsorewardorpunisheachoftheotherthreeplayersatacosttothe

punisher.HarvardresearcherDavidRandsaysthemostsuccessfulbehaviorprovedtobecooperation.

Thegroupsthatrewardeditthemostearnedabouttwiceasmuchinthegameasthegroupsthat

rewardedittheleast.ThestudyappearedlastmonthinthejournalScience.

Theotherstudyinvolvedchildren.ItwaspresentedlastmonthinCaliforniaataconferenceon

violenceandabuse.Researchersusedintelligencetestsgiventotwogroups.Morethaneighthundred

childrenwereagestwotofourthefirsttimetheyweretested.Morethansevenhundredchildrenwere

agesfivetonine.Thetwogroupswereretestedfouryearslaterandthestudycomparedtheresults

withthefirsttest.Bothgroupscontainedchildrenwhoseparentsusedphysicalpunishmentandchildren

whoseparentsdidnot.

ThestudysaystheIQsoftheyoungerchildrenwhowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthan

thosewhowere.Intheoldergroupthedifferencewasalmostthreepoints.Themoretheyarespanked

theslowertheirmentaldevelopment.1.Accordingtothefirststudywemainlyinferthat_____.[ ]

A.thegameiscalledPrisoner'sDilemma

B.thelessagrouppunisheditselftheloweritsearnings

C.adultsaremuchmorecooperativeifrewarded

D.thegameisintroducedinthejournalScience2.Whic