Hypothesis:Astatementaboutthevalueofapopulationparameterdevelopedforthepurposeoftesting. 　　Hypothesistesting:假设检验Basedonsampleevidenceandprobabilitytheory;Usedtodeterminewhetherthehypothesisisareasonablestatementandshouldnotberejected,orisunreasonableandshouldberejected. 　　StepOne:Statethenullandalternatehypotheses 　　NullHypothesisH0零假设或空假设:Astatementaboutthevalueofapopulationparameter 　　AlternativeHypothesisH1备择假设:Astatementthatisacceptedifthesampledataprovideevidencethatthenullhypothesisisfalse 　　Threepossibilitiesregardingmeans(Thenullhypothesisalwayscontainsequality.) 　　H0:μ=0H0:μ≤0H0:μ≥0 　　H1:μ≠0H1:μ>0H1:μCriticalz 　　p-Value:Theprobability,assumingthatthenullhypothesisistrue,offindingavalueoftheteststatisticatleastasextremeasthecomputedvalueforthetest 　　DecisionRule:Ifthep-Valueislargerthanorequaltothesignificancelevel,a,H0isnotrejected.Ifthep-Valueissmallerthanthesignificancelevel,a,H0isrejected. 　　Calculatedfromtheprobabilitydistributionfunctionorbycomputer 　　P-valuelevelofsignificance:failtorejectH0 　　StepFive:Makeadecision. 　　One-TailedTestsofSignificance:Thealternatehypothesis,H1,statesadirection 　　Two-TailedTestsofSignificance:NodirectionisspecifiedinthealternatehypothesisH1. 　　Testforthepopulationmeanfromalargesamplewithpopulationstandarddeviationknown 　　Proportion:Thesampleproportionispandpisthepopulationproportion. 　　Thefractionorpercentagethatindicatesthepartofthepopulationorsamplehavingaparticulartraitofinterest. 　　TestStatisticforTestingaSinglePopulationProportion