Duringthefallmonthsathighschoolguidancecounselingprogramsjuniorsruntothestagetoparticipateinanexercisetohelpthemunderstandthatitisnot“whereyougo”thatmatters.Theyholdposterswiththenamesandfacesoffamouspeoplewhiletheirpeers(同龄人)andparentsshoutoutwithconfidencethenamesofelite(精英)collegestheyassumethecelebritiesattended.The“oohs”and“aahs”followwhentheylearnthatStevenSpielbergSteveJobsandBillGatesdroppedoutofcollegethatOprahWinfreyisagraduateofTennesseeStateandthatKenBurnsgraduatedfromHampshireCollege.Ifevenafewstressedstudentsandtheiranxiousparentsbenefitfromthisinformationitisaworthwhileexercise.

Evenbetterisgivingthestudentsatasktoidentifythehappysuccessfulpeopleintheirowncircleoffamilyfriendsco-workersandneighborsandchallengingthemtogoandask“iforwheretheywenttocollege”asameansofbroadeningtheconversationintheirsearchforalifeafterhighschool.

Thekeytosuccessincollegeandbeyondhasmoretodowithwhatstudentsdowiththeirtimeduringcollegethanwheretheychoosetoattend.Along-termstudyof6335collegegraduatespublishedbytheNationalBureauofEconomicResearchfoundthatgraduatingfromacollegewhereenteringstudentshavehigherSATscores--onemarkerofelitecolleges---didn’tpayoffinhigherpost-graduationincome.Researchersfoundthatstudentswhoappliedtoseveraleliteschoolsbutdidn’tattendthem---eitherbecauseofrejectionorbytheirownchoice---aremorelikelytoearnhighincomeslaterthanstudentswhoactuallyattendedeliteschools.

Inasummaryofthefindingsthebureausaysthat“evidentlystudents’motivationambitionanddesiretolearnhaveamuchstrongereffectontheirfuturesuccessthanaverageacademicabilityoftheirclassmates.”

ThelateauthorLorenPopewhowroteLookingBeyondtheIvyLeagueandCollegesThatChangeLivesnotedthatthegreatertheopportunityforengagementandcriticalcreativeandcooperativelearningwithstaffpeersandcommunitythemorelikelythechanceforfuturesuccess.

59.Thepurposeoftheguidancecounselingprogramsistohelpstudents_________.

A.applyforsuitablecolleges

B.learnaboutcollegel