问题标题:
【英语中不等式如何用主动表被动】
问题描述:
英语中不等式如何用主动表被动
柴勤忠回答:
动词不定式主动表被动:
(1)主语+及物动词+宾语+todo(作定语).这时,不定式虽与被修饰词(宾语)之间是动宾关系,但与句子的主语有主谓关系.另外,不定式若是不及物动词时,应加上结构上或意义上所需要的介词.例如:
Ihaveameetingtoattendtoday.
Doyouhaveanythingtosay?
Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?
Shehadtofindaroomtolivein.
Ihaveborrowedanoveltoreadduringthevacation.
Ihaveseveralmodelsforyoutochoosefrom.
但是如果不定式和主语之间没有这种主谓关系,则需要用不定式的被动形式.例如:
I'mgoingtoBeijingnextweek.Doyouhaveanythingtobetakentoyourparents?
I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?
以上两句用不定式的被动形式作定语,表明you不是take/post动作的执行者.
(2)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语+todo(作定语).这时,不定式与被修饰词(直接宾语)之间是动宾关系,而与间接宾语之间有主谓关系.另外,不定式若为不及物动词时,应加上结构上或意义上所需要的介词.例如:
Helentmesomebookstoread.
Givemeapentowritewith.
Helentmeapieceofpapertowriteon.
(3)This/That)+be+名词+todo(作定语).例如:
Thisisaneasyquestiontoanswer.
Thatisagoodplacetolivein.
(4)therebe+名词+todo(作定语).
此结构中,用来修饰主语的不定式可以用被动形式,也可以用主动形式,在口语中用主动形式的时候更多一些.例如:
Thereisnothingtoworryabout.
Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).
Therearestillmanydifficultiestoovercome(tobeovercome).
但有时候用主动和被动可分别表示不同的意思:不定式用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物.试比较:
Thereisnothingtodonow.(Wehavenothingtodo.)
Thereisnothingtobedonenow.(Wecandonothingnow.)
Thereisnothingtosee.(nothingthatisworthseeing)
Thereisnothingtobeseen.(nothingthereatall)
(5)主语(人或物)+be+形容词+todo(作状语).
常见的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,dangerous,nice,good,interesting,important,fit,impossible,pleasant,light,heavy,bitter,comfortable,cheap,expensive,funny,exciting,delicious等.若不定式动词是不及物时应加上结构上或意义上所需要的介词.例如:
Thewaterinthelakeisunfittodrink.
Thestrawberriesarenicetoeat.
Theproblemiseasytoworkout.
Themanishardtoplease.
Theroomisexpensivetolivein.
(6)主语+及物动词+形容词+todo(作宾补).这时,不定式与宾语之间有动宾关系,而与句子的主语有主谓关系.另外,不定式为不及物动词时,应加上结构上或意义上所需要的介词.例如:
Ifindthelecturedifficulttounderstand.
Ifindhimpleasanttoworkwith.
(7)“too+形容词+todo(作状语)”结构中.例如:
Thisbookistoodifficulttounderstandcompletely.
Thepassageistoohardtotranslate.
(8)“疑问代词+不定式”结构中.例如:
Idon'tknowwhattodonext.
Shewilltellyouwhichbustotake.
Doyouknowwhomtogowith?
Themotherdidn’tknowwhotoblameforthebrokenglass.
(9)“be+todo(作表语)结构中.例如:
Thehouseistolet.
Ifeelitisyourhusbandwhoistoblameforthespoiledchild.(02上海)
Thereasonisnotfartoseek.
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