英语翻译
3.1.1TheDrivingTask
LunenfeldandAlexander(1990)considerthedrivingtasktobe
ahierarchicalprocess,withthreelevels:(1)Control,
(2)Guidance,and(3)Navigation.Thecontrollevelof
performancecomprisesallthoseactivitiesthatinvolvesecondto-
secondexchangeofinformationandcontrolinputsbetween
thedriverandthevehicle.Thislevelofperformanceisatthe
controlinterface.Mostcontrolactivities,itispointedout,are
performed"automatically,"withlittleconsciouseffort.Inshort,
thecontrollevelofperformanceisskillbased,intheapproach
tohumanperformanceanderrorssetforthbyJensRasmussenas
presentedinHumanError(Reason1990).
Onceapersonhaslearnedtherudimentsofcontrolofthe
vehicle,thenextlevelofhumanperformanceinthedrivervehicle
controlhierarchyistherules-based(Reason1990)
guidancelevelasRasmussenwouldsay.Thedriver'smain
activities"involvethemaintenanceofasafespeedandproper
pathrelativetoroadwayandtrafficelements."(Lunenfeldand
Alexander1990)Guidancelevelinputstothesystemare
dynamicspeedandpathresponsestoroadwaygeometrics,
hazards,traffic,andthephysicalenvironment.Information
presentedtothedriver-vehiclesystemisfromtrafficcontrol
devices,delineation,trafficandotherfeaturesofthe
environment,continuallychangingasthevehiclemovesalong
thehighway.
