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Oneofthemostwell-knownfiresinhistorywastheGreatFireofLondon.Thistookplacein1996,anddestroyedalmostthewholecity.Thefirestartedinthehouseoftheking’sbaker（烘炉）,JohnFarynor,attwoo’clockonthemorningofSeptember2nd.Farynorlivedinanarrow,crowdedstreet,whereallthehousesweremadeofwood,sothefirespreadveryquickly.Thecitywasonfireforfivedays.Bythetimethefirehadbeenputout,13,200houses,88churches,4bridges,4prisonsand400streetshadbeendestroyed.Amazingly,onlysixpeoplelosttheirlivesintheGreatFireofLondon.

Anotherwell-knownfirewastheChicagofireof1871.Thisstartedwhenacowknockedoveraburninglanterninabusystreet.IthadnotrainedinChicagoforalongtime,andstrongwindssoonblewtheframesallaroundthecity.About18,000buildingsweredestroyedinthisfire,250peoplelosttheirlives,and100,000peoplelosttheirhomes.

WhenahugeearthquakehitSanFranciscoin1906,anumberoffiresbrokeout.Thefiresburnedforthreedays,butfirefighterscouldnotfightthembecausetheearthquakehaddestroyedthecity’swatersystem.Whenthefirefinallystoppedburning,ahugepartofthecityhadbeendestroyed.Morethan700livesand25,000buildingswerelostintheSanFranciscofires.

DuringtheSecondWorldWar,manycountriesmadeuseoffireasaweapon（武器）tofighttheirenemies.Somecountries,includingBritain,usedspecialbombs（炸弹）called‘incendiaries’or‘fire-bombs’.Whenalargenumberofthesefire-bombsweredroppedonacityatonetime,hugefire-stormswerecreated（造成）.Thesethensweptthroughthecityathighspeed.Asfire-stormscouldreachatemperatureofaround1,000℃,theywereextremelydangerous.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerekilledbyfire-bombs.